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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
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Ancient DNA: Methods, progress, and perspectives.

D H O'Rourke1, S W Carlyle1, R L Parr1

  • 1Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112.

American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council
|June 1, 2017
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Ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis, using techniques like polymerase chain reaction, is revolutionizing archaeology by clarifying population origins and migrations. Studies on Anasazi samples show links to contemporary Greater Southwest populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleogenetics
  • Archaeology
  • Molecular Anthropology

Background:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleic acid preservation in prehistoric materials enable molecular genetic techniques.
  • Molecular approaches offer new insights into archaeological questions regarding population dynamics and relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evolving methods for ancient DNA (aDNA) manipulation and analysis.
  • To present recent applications of aDNA methods to anthropological samples.
  • To report preliminary findings on mtDNA variation in U.S. Southwest Anasazi samples.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ancient DNA (aDNA) extraction, amplification, and sequencing techniques.
  • Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in prehistoric skeletal remains.
  • Comparison of ancient mtDNA profiles with contemporary population data.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary analysis of Anasazi mtDNA samples indicates genetic similarity to contemporary Greater Southwest populations.
  • A modest frequency of a 9bp deletion in Region V of the mtDNA molecule was observed in the Anasazi samples.
  • Possible absence of haplogroup D in the analyzed Anasazi population.

Conclusions:

  • Ancient DNA analysis is a powerful tool for reconstructing population history and migration patterns.
  • The genetic data suggest continuity between ancient Anasazi populations and modern groups in the Greater Southwest.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the genetic landscape of prehistoric populations in the region.