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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

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GROUP SIZE FACTORS AND GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF MORPHOMETRIC CORRELATION.

Bruce Riska1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, 11794.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|June 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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COMPOSITE TRAITS, SELECTION RESPONSE, AND EVOLUTION.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2017

Morphological trait correlations in the aphid Pemphigus populicaulis Fitch vary significantly across localities. These differences, likely due to chance in selection responses, lack clear geographic patterns, impacting genetic covariance structure.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics
  • Quantitative genetics

Background:

  • Correlations among morphological traits can reveal underlying genetic architecture and evolutionary constraints.
  • Understanding variation in these correlations across populations is crucial for inferring evolutionary processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate among-locality variation in morphological trait correlations in the aphid Pemphigus populicaulis Fitch.
  • To determine if geographic patterns exist in these correlations and explore potential causes for observed variation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of morphological traits from 34 local samples of Pemphigus populicaulis Fitch.
  • Application of jackknife procedures to compare correlation matrices and bivariate correlations among localities.

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  • Factor analysis to identify underlying trait dimensions (appendage, body-size factors).
  • Spatial autocorrelation tests to detect geographic patterns in correlations.

    • Main Results:

    • Highly significant differences were found among correlation matrices and most bivariate correlations across localities.
    • Nearly half of the variation was attributed to "overall correlation," linked to intralocality size variation.
    • No significant geographic patterns were detected in correlations, despite significant among-locality differences.
    • Factor analysis revealed appendage and body-size factors, with correlations between traits on the same factor often varying geographically.

    Conclusions:

    • Geographic variation in trait correlations is substantial but appears random, suggesting chance differences in short-term selection responses.
    • Finite population sizes lead to diverse mechanisms of response to selection, influencing genetic covariances and correlation patterns.
    • While selection shapes trait means geographically, correlation patterns may diverge due to stochastic developmental or physiological pathways.