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Bioelectrical impedance changes during the menstrual cycle.

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Summary

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for body composition is not affected by the menstrual cycle in women. Fluctuations in body weight during the menstrual cycle did not correlate with BIA measurements, ensuring reliable body composition estimates.

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Area of Science:

  • Human Biology
  • Physiology
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a common method for estimating body composition.
  • Previous studies on BIA and the menstrual cycle yielded conflicting results.
  • Physiological factors can influence BIA measurements, necessitating clarification regarding hormonal influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the menstrual cycle affects bioelectrical impedance measurements in women.
  • To differentiate menstrual cycle-related BIA variations from other physiological variables.
  • To assess the reliability of BIA for estimating lean body mass and total body water during the menstrual cycle.

Main Methods:

  • Measured body weight and bioelectrical impedance (50 kHz) in 42 women (some on oral contraceptives) and 28 men over one menstrual cycle.
  • Included male subjects as controls to isolate menstrual cycle effects.
  • Analyzed correlations between body weight changes and BIA variations, and assessed intraobserver reliability.

Main Results:

  • Body weight in non-oral contraceptive users varied significantly across the menstrual cycle but did not correlate with bioelectrical impedance changes.
  • Bioelectrical impedance, lean body mass, and total body water remained stable in non-oral contraceptive users.
  • No significant changes in body weight or bioelectrical impedance were observed in oral contraceptive users or men.
  • Intraobserver reliability for BIA was 12.3 ohms, leading to 10-12% error in lean body mass/total body water estimation, reduced by marking electrode sites.

Conclusions:

  • The menstrual cycle does not significantly affect bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements at 50 kHz.
  • BIA remains a reliable method for assessing body composition in women, irrespective of their menstrual cycle phase.
  • Standardized electrode placement is crucial for minimizing measurement error in BIA.