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Three-electron spin qubits.

Maximilian Russ1, Guido Burkard

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.

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Summary
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This review details the progress of three-electron spin qubits, focusing on the exchange-only and resonant exchange (RX) qubits for quantum computation. These qubits offer natural noise protection but require advanced techniques for gate operations and decoherence mitigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spin Qubits

Background:

  • Three-electron spin systems in quantum dots are a promising platform for quantum computation.
  • The development of spin qubits has progressed significantly from initial concepts to state-of-the-art implementations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in three-electron spin qubits, particularly the exchange-only and resonant exchange (RX) qubits.
  • To detail qubit models, physical realizations, operations, readout, initialization, and decoherence properties.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of qubit models including exchange-only, RX, spin-charge, and hybrid qubits.
  • Discussion of single- and two-qubit gate implementations (short- and long-range interactions).
  • Examination of decoherence mechanisms (magnetic and charge noise) and mitigation strategies (sweet spots).

Main Results:

  • The exchange-only and RX qubits are viable candidates for quantum computation, offering natural protection against certain noise sources.
  • Single-qubit operations are achieved via microwave driving, while two-qubit gates utilize exchange coupling or cavity mediation.
  • Operating qubits at 'sweet spots' minimizes charge noise susceptibility, enhancing qubit lifetime.

Conclusions:

  • Three-electron spin qubits, especially the exchange-only and RX variants, represent a significant step towards scalable quantum computing.
  • Effective strategies for noise mitigation and gate implementation are crucial for realizing their full potential.
  • Further research into gate complexity and decoherence remains essential for practical quantum computation.