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Vitamin D in human reproduction.

Jason M Franasiak1, Evelin E Lara, Antonio Pellicer

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Vitamin D plays a role in reproductive health, with deficiency linked to disease. Further research is needed to clarify its impact on fertility and develop standardized assessment methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Human Reproduction

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is a global concern, especially in women of reproductive age.
  • Vitamin D receptors are present in key reproductive organs like the ovary, endometrium, and placenta.
  • The hormone influences both calcium-dependent and independent pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex role of vitamin D in human reproduction.
  • To address challenges in assessing vitamin D status and its activity.
  • To explore vitamin D's impact on assisted reproduction outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies investigating vitamin D's role in assisted reproduction.
  • Analysis of research on vitamin D's effects on folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and endometrial receptivity.
  • Examination of primate models and donor oocyte studies.

Main Results:

  • Successful assisted reproduction outcomes correlate with adequate vitamin D levels.
  • Studies show mixed results regarding vitamin D's specific impact on folliculogenesis versus implantation.
  • Evidence suggests a potential key role in folliculogenesis, as seen in primate models.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D has a significant, though complex, role in reproductive success.
  • Clarification is needed on how to best assess vitamin D status and its end-organ effects.
  • New techniques and evolving theories may soon elucidate vitamin D's influence on fertility and ovarian aging.