Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Inclusive Fitness00:57

Inclusive Fitness

42.9K
Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
42.9K
Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

12.9K
Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
12.9K
Mate Choice01:20

Mate Choice

11.9K
Mate choice—the decision about whom to mate with—is a type of natural selection, since animals must reproduce to pass down their genes. Mate choice is also called intersexual selection because the behavior occurs between the sexes.
11.9K
Energy Budgets00:51

Energy Budgets

11.0K
Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
11.0K
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

9.9K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
9.9K
Natural Selection and Mating Preferences01:06

Natural Selection and Mating Preferences

620
The principle of natural selection posits that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is closely intertwined with mating preferences, a key aspect of sexual selection, which evolutionary psychologists believe is driven by instincts to propagate one's genes. Such instincts significantly influence mating behaviors and preferences between genders.
Females, due to their biological roles in conception, pregnancy, and nursing,...
620

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SEX RATIO, BODY SIZE AND SEASONALITY IN A SOLITARY BEE, OSMIA LIGNARIA PROPINQUA CRESSON (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE).

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2017
Same author

Cushion plants as islands.

Oecologia·2017
Same author

Documenting bee decline or squandering scarce resources.

Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·2014
Same author

Overestimating population sizes of rare clonal plants.

Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·2012
Same author

Bemisia argentifolii is a race of B. tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): the molecular genetic differentiation of B. tabaci populations around the world.

Bulletin of entomological research·2005
Same author

Genetic relationships and population structure of the endangered Steamboat buckwheat, Eriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae (Polygonaceae).

American journal of botany·2001

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors
08:50

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

Published on: July 16, 2018

8.8K

SEX RATIO, PARENTAL INVESTMENT, AND INTERPARENT VARIABILITY IN NESTING SUCCESS IN A SOLITARY BEE.

D R Frohlich1, V J Tepedino1

  • 1Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322-5310.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|June 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Parental investment in Osmia bruneri bees shows seasonal shifts, with females producing more females early and more males later. Progeny sex ratios align with theoretical expectations, but individual investment varies greatly.

More Related Videos

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi
06:44

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi

Published on: October 5, 2018

8.1K
Evaluation of the Productivity of Social Wasp Colonies Vespinae and an Introduction to the Traditional Japanese Vespula Wasp Hunting Technique
07:17

Evaluation of the Productivity of Social Wasp Colonies Vespinae and an Introduction to the Traditional Japanese Vespula Wasp Hunting Technique

Published on: September 11, 2019

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors
08:50

In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors

Published on: July 16, 2018

8.8K
Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi
06:44

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi

Published on: October 5, 2018

8.1K
Evaluation of the Productivity of Social Wasp Colonies Vespinae and an Introduction to the Traditional Japanese Vespula Wasp Hunting Technique
07:17

Evaluation of the Productivity of Social Wasp Colonies Vespinae and an Introduction to the Traditional Japanese Vespula Wasp Hunting Technique

Published on: September 11, 2019

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • Parental investment theory predicts offspring sex ratios based on resource availability and parental condition.
  • Solitary bees offer a model system to study sex allocation and investment strategies due to their discrete nesting behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test predictions of sex-ratio and parental-investment theory in the solitary bee Osmia bruneri.
  • To investigate the influence of maternal condition and seasonal factors on progeny sex ratios and investment.

Main Methods:

  • Observations of uniquely marked Osmia bruneri females under greenhouse conditions.
  • Analysis of progeny sex ratios, parental investment patterns, and parent fitness correlates.

Main Results:

  • Observed sex ratios did not differ from theoretical expectations based on male and female bee weights.
  • Parental investment showed a seasonal pattern, with a shift in sex allocation over the nesting season.
  • High variability in nesting parameters and progeny size among individual females was observed.
  • No significant relationship was found between maternal characteristics (size, cell completion rate) and parent fitness or progeny sex ratios.

Conclusions:

  • Results support Fisher's theory on sex allocation and marginally support Kolman's predictions on sex-ratio variance.
  • Variability in investment and progeny size is likely driven by environmental factors like resource heterogeneity and adult survivorship curves.