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Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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A contingency table provides a way of portraying data that can facilitate calculating probabilities. It is a method of displaying a frequency distribution as a table with rows and columns to show how two variables may be dependent (contingent) upon each other; The table helps determine conditional probabilities quite quickly and can help systematically organize, analyze and quantify data. The table displays sample values concerning two variables that may be dependent or contingent on one...
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Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data
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VISUALIZING MULTIVARIATE SELECTION.

Patrick C Phillips1, Stevan J Arnold1

  • 1Committee on Evolutionary Biology and Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, 915 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|June 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural selection is a multivariate relationship between fitness and phenotype. Canonical analysis visualizes this relationship, aiding in understanding trait adaptation and classifying selection into directional and nonlinear modes.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Quantitative genetics

Background:

  • Natural selection is understood through the multivariate relationship between fitness and phenotype.
  • This relationship can be visualized as a multidimensional surface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To connect the fitness-phenotype surface with estimated selection coefficients.
  • To facilitate the interpretation of multivariate natural selection using canonical analysis.
  • To propose a refined classification of selection modes.

Main Methods:

  • Multiple regression to estimate phenotypic selection coefficients.
  • Canonical analysis to visualize the fitness-phenotype surface.
  • Analysis of traditional selection definitions (directional, stabilizing, disruptive).

Main Results:

  • Canonical analysis provides a visualization of the fitness-phenotype surface.
  • This visualization aids in summarizing selection coefficients and comparing selection surfaces.
  • Selection is proposed to be classified into two primary modes: directional and nonlinear selection.

Conclusions:

  • Canonical analysis offers a powerful tool for visualizing and interpreting multivariate natural selection.
  • Stabilizing and disruptive selection can be considered special cases of nonlinear selection.
  • This framework aids in generating hypotheses about the adaptive significance of phenotypic traits.