EVIDENCE FOR SYMPATRIC GENETIC DIVERGENCE OF ANADROMOUS AND NONANADROMOUS MORPHS OF SOCKEYE SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS...

Anadromous and nonanadromous morphs of the Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus nerka spawn in close physical proximity in tributaries to Takla Lake, British Columbia, yet differ in morphology, gill raker number, allozyme allele frequencies, and reproductive traits. Both morphs are semelparous typically maturing at age four, the anadromous morph (sockeye) at fork lengths of 38-65 cm and the nonanadromous morph (kokanee) at 17-22 cm. When reared together, pure and hybrid morphs also exhibited different growth rates and maturity schedules. Collectively, these large differences between the morphs confirm that sockeye and kokanee exist as reproductively isolated populations. Average gene flow (m) was estimated to be 0.1-0.8% between morphs, 1.7-3.7% among tributaries for kokanee, and 0.3-5.6% among tributaries for sockeye. We conclude that divergence has occurred in sympatry and examine potential isolating mechanisms.