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RAPID MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE IN CHANNEL ISLAND DEER MICE.

Oliver R W Pergams1, Mary V Ashley1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60607.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|June 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Deer mice on California islands show rapid morphological evolution over 90 years. These changes in endemic subspecies exceed paleontological rates and highlight rapid phenotypic shifts in natural populations.

Keywords:
California Channel IslandsPeromyscus maniculatusdiscriminant function analysismorphological changemorphometriestemporal variation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Zoology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Island ecosystems are often laboratories for evolutionary studies.
  • Endemic subspecies may exhibit unique evolutionary trajectories.
  • Long-term studies are crucial for understanding evolutionary dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate morphological changes in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) over a 90-year period.
  • To assess the rate and extent of phenotypic evolution in island endemic subspecies.
  • To determine if rapid evolution occurs in long-established natural populations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 16 morphological characters from deer mice collected between 1897-1941 and 1955-1988.
  • Comparison of morphological data across two distinct temporal classes for three endemic subspecies.
  • Application of multivariate statistical analyses to detect significant temporal changes.

Main Results:

  • Significant morphological changes (P ≤ 0.05) observed in 5-10 characters for each subspecies.
  • Rates of change exceed those found in paleontological records and some experimental studies.
  • Braincase depth, total length, tail length, and hind foot length generally decreased, with exceptions.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid phenotypic evolution is occurring in established island deer mouse populations.
  • Temporal stability of morphological traits cannot be assumed even over short evolutionary timescales.
  • Observed changes were not linked to founder events or recent introductions, indicating endogenous evolutionary processes.