Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 1, 2026
11:28
A Coupled Experiment-finite Element Modeling Methodology for Assessing High Strain Rate Mechanical Response of Soft Biomaterials
Published on: May 18, 2015
13.0K
HYBRID BREAKDOWN IN PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE: A MECHANISTIC APPROACH.
1Program in Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204-5513, USA.
Summary
Copepods exhibit varied physiological responses to hyperosmotic stress, with significant genetic variation in free amino acid (FAA) accumulation observed in later hybrid generations. This variability in copepod stress response is linked to unidentified genetic factors in proline synthesis.
Area of Science:
- Marine biology
- Genetics
- Physiology
Background:
- Hyperosmotic stress poses a significant challenge to marine invertebrates.
- Free amino acids (FAAs) play a crucial role in osmoregulation.
- Copepods, such as Tigriopus californicus, are important marine organisms for physiological studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the physiological response to hyperosmotic stress in Tigriopus californicus.
- To compare the patterns of free amino acid (FAA) accumulation in natural populations and laboratory-generated hybrids.
- To identify the genetic basis for variation in osmoregulatory responses.
Main Methods:
- Comparing physiological responses of natural copepod populations and laboratory hybrids (F1, F2, F7-F10 generations) to hyperosmotic stress.
- Analyzing patterns of free amino acid (FAA) accumulation.
- Investigating allozyme polymorphisms in FAA-metabolizing enzymes.
Main Results:
- Minor differences in FAA accumulation were observed between natural populations and F1 hybrids.
- High variability in FAA synthesis patterns was found among F2 hybrids.
- Substantial inter-line variance in FAA accumulation was evident in later hybrid generations (F7-F10).
- This variance was not linked to allozyme polymorphisms in FAA-metabolizing enzymes but likely stems from other proline synthetic pathway polymorphisms.
Conclusions:
- Genetic variation significantly influences the physiological response to hyperosmotic stress in Tigriopus californicus.
- Later generations of interpopulation hybrids display substantial variability in FAA accumulation.
- Unidentified genetic factors within the proline synthetic pathway are likely responsible for the observed physiological variance.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:21Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models
443
Mechanistic models, a category encompassing both physiological and compartmental modeling, differ from empirical models' approaches to incorporating known factors about the systems being modeled. Empirical models describe data with minimal assumptions, while mechanistic models aim to provide a robust description of available data by specifying assumptions and integrating known factors about the system. Compartmental analysis is a key example of a mechanistic model in pharmacokinetics and...
443
01:23Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis
311
Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
311
01:26Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion
429
Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
429
01:03Pharmacodynamic Responses: Different Types
73
Pharmacodynamics is the scientific study of a drug's biochemical or physiological influence on the body. It categorizes responses into continuous, discrete (or categorical), and time-to-event outcomes. Continuous responses yield numerical values within a certain range, such as blood pressure readings and blood glucose levels, gauging the efficacy of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs. Discrete responses can be binary, indicating whether a drug has an effect or not, or ordinal, exemplifying...
73
01:29Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving
375
Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
375
01:15Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models
327
Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
327