Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K

FURTHER SIMULATION STUDIES ON EVOLUTION BY GENE DUPLICATION.

Tomoko Ohta1

  • 1National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411, Japan.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|June 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

8.1K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
8.1K
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

10.1K
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
10.1K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

8.3K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
8.3K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

3.8K
3.8K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.3K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.3K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

3.6K
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Variations in the <sup>129</sup>I/<sup>127</sup>I ratios of pre-world war II algae under long-term exposure to atmospheric iodine isotopes.

Marine pollution bulletin·2025
Same author

STRING-ing together protein complexes: corpus and methods for extracting physical protein interactions from the biomedical literature.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2024
Same author

RegulaTome: a corpus of typed, directed, and signed relations between biomedical entities in the scientific literature.

Database : the journal of biological databases and curation·2024
Same author

Author Correction: Feasibility of <sup>129</sup>I groundwater dating calibrated by both <sup>81</sup>Kr and <sup>4</sup>He for the assessment of deep geological repositories in Japan.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Feasibility of <sup>129</sup>I groundwater dating calibrated by both <sup>81</sup>Kr and <sup>4</sup>He for the assessment of deep geological repositories in Japan.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Tritium concentration in the modern commercial D<sub>2</sub>O reagents.

Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry·2024
Same journal

The role of microbial resource mutualists in plant adaptation to abiotic environments.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2026
Same journal

Museum genomics links MC1R alleles to adaptive winter coat color polymorphism in the long-tailed weasel.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2026
Same journal

Repeated evolution of iridescence and hindwing tails is associated with morphometric flight proxies in skipper butterflies.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2026
Same journal

Temperature-dependent competition predicts contrasting outcomes of adjacent secondary contact zones in darters (Percidae:Etheostoma).

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2026
Same journal

Sex allocation of hermaphrodites in metapopulations with frequent population extinction and recolonization.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2026
Same journal

The phylogenetic signal of extinction through the rise and fall of early vertebrates: field of bullets or clustered strike?

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2026
See all related articles

Monte Carlo simulations reveal how multigene families evolve. Positive selection accelerates beneficial mutations, with diploid models proving more efficient than haploid ones for accumulating advantageous gene copies.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary genetics
  • Computational biology
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Multigene families arise from single gene copies through processes like unequal crossing-over and mutation.
  • Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of these families is crucial for comprehending genetic diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origins of multigene families using computational simulations.
  • To examine the roles of unequal crossing-over, mutation, genetic drift, and natural selection in this process.
  • To compare the evolutionary dynamics in haploid and diploid genetic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Monte Carlo simulations to model the evolution of a genetic system starting from a single gene copy.
  • Incorporated beneficial, neutral, and detrimental mutations, with positive selection favoring individuals/chromosomes with more beneficial mutations.

More Related Videos

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

12.4K
G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K
Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
09:00

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Published on: May 2, 2018

12.4K
G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

6.3K
  • Examined both haploid and diploid models to assess differences in evolutionary outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Positive selection significantly accelerates the accumulation of gene arrays with beneficial mutations.
    • Overall sequence divergence (including neutral and beneficial mutations) is not highly sensitive to positive selection.
    • The proportion of beneficial mutations is a more accurate indicator of positive selection strength than total divergence.
    • Diploid models demonstrate greater efficiency in accumulating beneficial mutations in duplicated genes compared to haploid models.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest that positive selection plays a key role in shaping multigene family organization and divergence.
    • Observed accelerations in amino-acid substitutions versus synonymous substitutions in duplicated genes may be explained by similar selective pressures.
    • The enhanced efficiency of diploid models in accumulating beneficial mutations may relate to the evolutionary advantages of sexual reproduction.