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EVOLUTION OF HOST-PARASITE DIVERSITY.

Steven A Frank1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92717.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|June 2, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Host-parasite interactions exhibit genetic diversity in resistance and virulence. Models show qualitative traits promote more diversity than quantitative traits, influenced by stabilizing and disruptive selection pressures.

Keywords:
Community ecologydiseasegenetic polymorphismherbivoryspecialist versus generalist

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hosts and parasites display significant genetic diversity in resistance and virulence, impacting host range.
  • Qualitative diversity involves all-or-nothing attack success based on host-parasite genotypes.
  • Quantitative diversity involves graded attack success dependent on additive genetic variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and classify components of host-parasite interactions influencing stabilizing or disruptive selection.
  • To understand the evolutionary forces shaping resistance and virulence diversity.
  • To compare the diversity-generating potential of qualitative versus quantitative inheritance.

Main Methods:

  • Development of theoretical models classifying host-parasite interaction components.
  • Analysis of stabilizing and disruptive selection on resistance and virulence.
  • Investigation of evolutionary constraints: metabolic costs, frequency dependence, and genetic correlations.

Main Results:

  • Qualitatively inherited resistance and virulence traits are predicted to generate greater diversity than quantitatively inherited traits.
  • Maximal resistance and virulence evolution are constrained by metabolic costs, frequency dependence, or negative genetic correlations.
  • Natural systems comprise a balance of diversity-reducing (stabilizing) and diversity-promoting (disruptive) factors.

Conclusions:

  • Modeling approaches comparing equilibrium properties and dynamical analysis are advocated.
  • Empirical studies comparing diversity levels across related host-parasite systems are crucial.
  • Understanding the interplay of selection pressures is key to explaining host-parasite diversity patterns.