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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Behavioral Genetics and Its Designs01:23

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Behavior genetics explores how genetic inheritance influences human behavior. It focuses on how genes, passed from parents to offspring, contribute to the development of behavioral traits and tendencies. This branch of genetics seeks to understand the complex interplay between inherited genetic factors and environmental influences in shaping our behaviors.
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Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

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Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

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Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
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Development of an Individual-Tree Basal Area Increment Model using a Linear Mixed-Effects Approach
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A QUANTITATIVE-GENETIC MODEL FOR SELECTION ON DEVELOPMENTAL NOISE.

Sergey Gavrilets1,2, Alan Hastings1,3,4

  • 1Division of Environmental Studies, University of California, Davis, California, 95616.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|June 2, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a quantitative genetics model where phenotype sensitivity to microenvironment is heritable. Stabilizing selection can increase developmental canalization and heritability, explaining experimental results.

Keywords:
Developmental noisequantitative-genetic modelselection

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Area of Science:

  • Quantitative genetics
  • Developmental biology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Microenvironmental variation significantly impacts phenotypic expression.
  • The genetic basis of sensitivity to microenvironmental fluctuations is not fully understood.
  • Understanding genetic correlations between traits and environmental sensitivity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a quantitative genetics model analyzing microenvironmental variation effects.
  • To investigate the genetic basis of phenotypic sensitivity to microenvironmental fluctuations.
  • To explore the impact of selection on genotypic and microenvironmental variance components.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a simple model incorporating genetic basis for microenvironmental sensitivity.
  • Included genetic correlation between trait value and microenvironmental sensitivity.
  • Analyzed effects of stabilizing and directional selection on phenotypic variance.

Main Results:

  • The model predicts that stabilizing selection enhances developmental canalization.
  • Stabilizing selection can lead to an increase in heritability.
  • Genotypic and microenvironmental components of phenotypic variance were analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • The model provides a framework for understanding microenvironmental influences in quantitative genetics.
  • Findings offer potential explanations for empirical observations in selection experiments.
  • Heritability may increase under stabilizing selection due to altered canalization.