Receptor binding and biological activity of 18-oxocortisol

It has been recently demonstrated that cortisol can be metabolized, producing 18-hydroxycortisol and 18-oxocortisol, following the same pathway by which corticosterone is transformed into 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone. The influence of a hydroxy group in the 17 alpha position of aldosterone or an aldehyde (actually 11-18 hemiacetal) in the 13-methyl of cortisol on the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid activities were studied and compared with the parent steroids. The ability of 18-oxocortisol to complete with [3H]aldosterone for binding to the cytosol receptor of rat renal slices was 8.1% in comparison to unlabeled aldosterone. The addition of a specific glucocorticoid 11 beta, 17 beta-dihydroxy-17 alpha-pregnane-1,4,6- trien-20-yn-21-methyl-3-one decreased this binding to 5.6%. The ability of 18-oxocortisol to compete with [3H]dexamethasone for binding to the renal cytosol receptor was 0.2% that of unlabeled dexamethasone and in the HTC whole cell assay was 1.06% and 3.8% that of unlabeled dexamethasone and cortisol, respectively. The mineralocorticoid activity of 18-oxocortisol in the adrenalectomized rat bioassay was 0.6% that of aldosterone. The glucocorticoid activity in in vitro bioassays was 3.1% compared with that of a cortisol when the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in HTC cells was measured and 4% when the inhibition of fibroblast L-929 growth was measured. The significance of 18-oxocortisol in the pathogenesis of the hypertension in patients with primary aldosteronism is still unclear.