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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Formation of Species01:31

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Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
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Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

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Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
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Distribution and Dispersion00:54

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To understand intra-specific interactions in populations, scientists measure the spatial arrangement of species individuals. This geographic arrangement is known as the species distribution or dispersion. Highly territorial species exhibit a uniform distribution pattern, in which individuals are spaced at relatively equal distances from one another. Species that are highly tied to particular resources, such as food or shelter, tend to concentrate around those resources, and thus exhibit a...
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Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Mass-Rearing and Molecular Studies in Tortricidae Pest Insects
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POSTDISPERSAL SELECTION FOLLOWING MIXED MATING IN EUCALYPTUS REGNANS.

Craig M Hardner1, Bradley M Potts1

  • 1Cooperative Research Centre for Temperate Hardwood Forestry, Department of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, G.P.O. Box 252-55, Hobart, 7001, Tasmania, Australia.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|June 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Eucalyptus regnans exhibits severe inbreeding depression, with self-pollinated progenies showing a 67% survival reduction. Intense competition after four years drives selection against self-pollination in this Australian forest tree.

Keywords:
Competitioninbreeding depressionoutcrossing ratereproductive assurance

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Area of Science:

  • Forestry science
  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Eucalyptus regnans, a tall forest tree from southeastern Australia, possesses a mixed mating system.
  • Understanding inbreeding depression is crucial for forest management and conservation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify inbreeding depression in Eucalyptus regnans over 15 years.
  • To assess the impact of mating systems on survival and fitness in a field trial.

Main Methods:

  • A 15-year field trial with randomized single tree plots of self, outcross, and open-pollinated (OP) progenies.
  • Surveying survival rates across different progeny types and populations.

Main Results:

  • Inbreeding depression in survival reached 67% for self-pollinated progenies at 15 years, a high level for tree species.
  • Open-pollinated progenies showed intermediate fitness.
  • The proportion of outcrossed individuals increased from 59% at planting to 83% by 15 years due to selection against selfs.

Conclusions:

  • Eucalyptus regnans experiences significant inbreeding depression, impacting long-term survival.
  • Natural selection, particularly intense competition after canopy closure, strongly favors outcrossed individuals.
  • Mixed mating systems in E. regnans are significantly influenced by post-establishment selection pressures.