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GENOTYPE DIVERSITY AND SELECTION IN ASEXUAL BRINE SHRIMP (ARTEMIA).

Robert A Browne1,2, Charles W Hoopes1

  • 1Biology Department, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27109, USA.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|June 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals genetic divergence in asexual Artemia parthenogenetica clones, showing adaptation to varied environments. Salinity significantly impacts allele frequencies and fitness, demonstrating rapid, reproducible selection in this unique population.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Asexual reproduction is common in nature, but the genetic diversity and adaptive potential of obligately asexual populations remain incompletely understood.
  • Artemia parthenogenetica, a brine shrimp, exhibits obligate asexuality and inhabits diverse saline environments, making it an ideal model for studying adaptation in asexual lineages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic diversity and ecological differentiation of obligately asexual Artemia parthenogenetica clones.
  • To determine the role of environmental factors, specifically salinity, in driving adaptation and selection within this population.
  • To explore the evolutionary origin of obligate asexuality in this Artemia population.

Main Methods:

  • Allozyme electrophoresis was used to identify unique genotypes and assess genetic diversity across eight ponds.
  • Fitness traits were measured in a subset of clones to identify adaptive differences.
  • Correlation analyses were performed to link allele frequencies and polymorphism with environmental parameters like salinity.
  • Laboratory experiments were conducted to reproduce field observations of selection along salinity gradients.
  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was employed to infer the origin of obligate asexuality.

Main Results:

  • Sixty-three distinct allozymically unique genotypes were identified, exhibiting significant ecological and genetic divergence.
  • Significant differences in fitness traits were observed among clones, indicating adaptive variation.
  • Allele frequencies and the percentage of polymorphic loci were significantly correlated with salinity gradients.
  • The observed selection pressures along salinity gradients were reproducible under laboratory conditions.
  • mtDNA analysis suggested that the obligate asexuality in this population originated from a single common ancestor (monophyletic origin).

Conclusions:

  • Obligately asexual Artemia parthenogenetica populations harbor substantial genetic diversity, leading to ecological differentiation.
  • Salinity acts as a strong selective force, driving rapid adaptation in these asexual clones, which is observable both in the field and laboratory.
  • The obligate asexuality in this population is likely of monophyletic origin, suggesting a single evolutionary event established this reproductive mode.