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Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves: Resonance01:14

Sound Waves: Resonance

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Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

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An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit01:24

Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

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Series resonance occurs in a circuit containing inductive (L), capacitive (C), and resistive (R) elements connected sequentially. At the resonance frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, effectively canceling each other. This causes the circuit's impedance is minimal, primarily determined by the resistance R. The resonant frequency of an RLC circuit is defined as:
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RLC Circuit as a Damped Oscillator01:30

RLC Circuit as a Damped Oscillator

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An RLC circuit combines a resistor, inductor, and capacitor, connected in a series or parallel combination.
Consider a series RLC circuit. Here, the presence of resistance in the circuit leads to energy loss due to joule heating in the resistance. Therefore, the total electromagnetic energy in the circuit is no longer constant and decreases with time. Since the magnitude of charge, current, and potential difference continuously decreases, their oscillations are said to be damped. This is...
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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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Frequency comb generation in SNAP bottle resonators.

Sergey V Suchkov, Mikhail Sumetsky, Andrey A Sukhorukov

    Optics Letters
    |June 2, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    We present a theory for generating optical frequency combs using surface nanoscale axial photonic (SNAP) bottle microresonators. These compact devices enable ultra-fine spectral spacing, a feat not possible with traditional resonators.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Nonlinear optics
    • Microresonator devices

    Background:

    • Optical frequency combs are crucial for precision measurements.
    • Traditional microresonators require large radii for fine spectral spacing.
    • Whispering gallery modes offer potential for compact light confinement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a theory for optical frequency comb generation in novel microresonators.
    • To explore the potential of surface nanoscale axial photonic (SNAP) bottle microresonators.
    • To achieve ultra-fine spectral spacing in compact devices.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical modeling of nonlinear optical interactions.
    • Analysis of whispering gallery modes in SNAP bottle microresonators.

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  • Investigation of soliton dynamics and comb generation.

    • Main Results:

    • Predicted frequency comb generation in SNAP microresonators with micrometer radii.
    • Achieved ultra-fine sub-gigahertz spectral spacing.
    • Identified stable and quasi-periodic comb dynamics via soliton excitation.
    • Demonstrated nonlinearity-induced dispersion compensation through SNAP radius engineering.

    Conclusions:

    • SNAP bottle microresonators offer a pathway to ultra-compact, ultra-fine spectral spacing frequency combs.
    • Soliton dynamics play a key role in stable comb generation.
    • Tailoring the SNAP radius profile is essential for managing dispersion and optimizing comb performance.