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Viral hepatitis A, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2007-2016.

Shauna Stahlman, Valerie F Williams, Alexis A Oetting

    MSMR
    |June 2, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Acute hepatitis A incidence in U.S. service members remained low from 2007-2016, likely due to widespread hepatitis A virus vaccination. Rates varied by age, occupation, and military branch, with some demographic groups showing higher risks.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Acute hepatitis A (HA) is a viral infection affecting the liver.
    • Widespread vaccination is a key public health strategy against HA.
    • Understanding HA incidence in specific populations, like military personnel, is crucial for targeted prevention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the incidence and trends of acute hepatitis A among U.S. service members from 2007 to 2016.
    • To identify demographic and occupational factors associated with higher HA incidence.
    • To assess the impact of vaccination programs on HA rates in the military.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of incident hepatitis A diagnoses in U.S. service members between 2007 and 2016.
    • Calculation of overall and annual incidence rates per 100,000 person-years.

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  • Stratification of incidence rates by age group, occupation, military branch, and race/ethnicity.

    • Main Results:

    • A total of 237 incident HA cases were recorded, with an overall incidence rate of 1.88 per 100,000 person-years.
    • Highest incidence rates were observed in younger service members, healthcare occupations, Air Force, and Navy personnel.
    • Non-Hispanic black and "other" or unknown race/ethnicity groups showed higher incidence compared to non-Hispanic white and Hispanic counterparts.
    • Incidence peaked in 2012 and showed fluctuations, but overall rates remained low, reflecting successful vaccination efforts.

    Conclusions:

    • U.S. military personnel experienced low overall rates of acute hepatitis A during the study period.
    • Demographic and occupational factors influenced HA risk within the military.
    • The findings underscore the effectiveness of hepatitis A virus vaccination in reducing disease incidence in this population.