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Viral hepatitis B, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2007-2016.

Shauna Stahlman, Valerie F Williams, Alexis A Oetting

    MSMR
    |June 2, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hepatitis B virus (HBV) diagnoses occurred at 10.0 per 100,000 person-years in the US military between 2007-2016. Certain demographics, including females and Asian/Pacific Islanders, faced higher risks for acute and chronic HBV infection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health concern.
    • Understanding incidence trends and risk factors within specific populations, such as the military, is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the incidence rates of acute and chronic hepatitis B diagnoses in US military service members from 2007 to 2016.
    • To identify demographic and occupational factors associated with higher HBV infection rates.
    • To analyze hospitalization rates and trends for HBV cases.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of incident diagnoses of acute and chronic hepatitis B.
    • Calculation of incidence rates per 100,000 person-years.

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  • Stratification of rates by demographic (sex, race/ethnicity) and occupational factors (healthcare, deployment status, recruit status).

    • Main Results:

    • Overall incidence for both acute and chronic hepatitis B was 10.0 per 100,000 person-years.
    • Higher incidence rates were observed in females, Navy and Army members, healthcare occupations, and certain racial/ethnic groups (Asian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Black).
    • Asian/Pacific Islander service members had over 41 times the rate of chronic HBV compared to non-Hispanic white service members. Hospitalization rates were significant, though acute hospitalized case rates declined.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant disparities in hepatitis B diagnoses exist within the US military, with notable risks among specific demographic and occupational groups.
    • Targeted public health interventions are needed to address these disparities and reduce the burden of HBV infection in the military.
    • The declining trend in hospitalized acute HBV cases suggests potential effectiveness of ongoing prevention efforts, but continued surveillance is warranted.