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Effects of Chromium on Glucose Tolerance in Infants Receiving Parenteral Nutrition Therapy

Kristin Capone1, Sudhir Sriram2, Tiffany Patton1

  • 1Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|June 2, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Chromium supplementation in parenteral nutrition (PN) improved glucose tolerance and calorie delivery in preterm infants. This essential nutrient is particularly beneficial for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants receiving PN therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Early hyperglycemia is common in preterm infants on parenteral nutrition (PN).
  • Chromium is known to enhance insulin action and improve glucose tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if chromium supplementation in PN improves glucose tolerance and calorie delivery in neonates during their first week of life.
  • To assess the impact of early chromium supplementation on very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective data analysis of neonates receiving PN from birth.
  • Comparison of infants receiving chromium from day 1 (group B) versus days 5-7 (group A).
  • Evaluation of glucose tolerance and PN calorie administration over the first week of life.

Main Results:

  • Infants receiving chromium from day 1 (group B) demonstrated better glucose tolerance and received significantly more PN calories (74.8 kcal/kg/d vs 71.5 kcal/kg/d).
  • This effect was more pronounced in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, who received higher calorie delivery (76.5 kcal/kg/d vs 72.4 kcal/kg/d).
  • Similar mean serum glucose concentrations were observed between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Parenteral nutrition chromium supplementation enhances glucose tolerance and calorie delivery in infants, particularly VLBW infants.
  • Chromium plays a crucial role in managing hyperglycemia risk in VLBW infants undergoing PN therapy.
  • Early chromium administration supports improved nutritional outcomes in preterm infants.
Abstract

Keywords:
blood glucosechromiumhyperglycemianewborn infantparenteral nutritionpediatricsvery low birth weight infant

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