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Updated: Jan 1, 2026

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements

Published on: December 5, 2025

Subsurface Defect Localization by Structured Heating Using Laser Projected Photothermal Thermography.

Erik Thiel¹, Mathias Ziegler²

¹Department for Non-Destructive Testing, Thermographic Methods, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM).

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove

|June 2, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel reference-free method for locating subsurface defects using destructively interfering thermal waves. The technique precisely identifies defect locations by analyzing thermal radiation oscillations, applicable to various materials.

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Area of Science:

Non-destructive testing
Thermal wave imaging
Materials science

Background:

Subsurface defect detection is crucial for material integrity.
Existing methods often require references or lack sensitivity.
Thermal wave techniques offer potential for non-contact inspection.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a reference-free method for locating subsurface defects.
To utilize destructively interfering thermal wave fields for defect detection.
To achieve high sensitivity and precise defect localization.

Main Methods:

Modification of a projector with a high-power diode laser and spatial light modulator.
Optimization of beam shaping for homogeneous projection.
High-performance infrared (IR) camera setup with geometric distortion correction.
Synchronization of thermal wave sources, scanning stage, and IR camera.
Analysis of thermal radiation oscillations from the depletion line for defect identification.

Main Results:

Successful generation of destructively interfering thermal wave fields.
Detection of weak temperature oscillations indicative of subsurface defects.
Precise localization of defects based on spatial-temporal analysis of oscillations.
Demonstrated applicability to steel samples, with potential for other materials.

Conclusions:

The developed method effectively locates subsurface defects without needing references.
The technique is highly sensitive to thermal field disturbances caused by defects.
This approach shows promise for inspecting various materials, especially temperature-sensitive ones.