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Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
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Membrane technology costs and me.

S J Judd1

  • 1Gas Processing Center, Qatar University, Qatar; Cranfield Water Science Institute, Canfield University, UK.

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|June 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cost analysis in membrane technology reveals key operational drivers. Reverse osmosis (RO) costs depend on hydrodynamics, while membrane bioreactor (MBR) costs involve fouling and air scouring, though research focus differs significantly between these applications.

Keywords:
Cost analysisFoulingMembrane bioreactorReverse osmosisSeawater desalinationWastewater treatment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Membrane processes are crucial for water treatment and desalination.
  • Cost analysis is vital for optimizing membrane technology research and development.
  • Reverse osmosis (RO) for seawater desalination and membrane bioreactor (MBR) for wastewater treatment are key applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the role of cost analysis in membrane process R&D.
  • To compare cost analysis trends in RO desalination and MBR wastewater treatment.
  • To identify key operational expenditure (OPEX) drivers and research focus in these membrane applications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of operating expenditure (OPEX) trends using analytical expressions.
  • Estimation of OPEX sensitivity to system parameters.
  • Review of published capital expenditure (CAPEX) data.
  • Bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature based on author keywords.

Main Results:

  • RO OPEX is primarily driven by hydrodynamics.
  • MBR OPEX is influenced by membrane fouling and air scouring.
  • Bibliometric analysis shows a 16-fold greater research focus on cost for RO desalination compared to MBR wastewater treatment.
  • MBR research disproportionately focuses on fouling, potentially overlooking other OPEX-critical parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Cost analysis reveals distinct OPEX drivers for RO and MBR technologies.
  • Research emphasis on cost varies significantly between RO and MBR applications.
  • Further research on MBRs should consider a broader range of parameters impacting OPEX and operability beyond fouling.