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Significance of Platelet Volume Indices in STEMI Patients: A Case-Control Study
Sravan K Reddy1, Ranjan Shetty2, Srujitha Marupuru3
1Registrar, Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Insights
High Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) are linked to ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). These platelet indices can help predict acute coronary events.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hematology
- Biomedical Science
Background:
- Platelets are key players in cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI).
- Understanding platelet behavior is crucial for managing cardiovascular risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate changes in platelet volume indices and count in ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI).
- To evaluate the predictive value of these platelet markers for coronary events.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 173 STEMI patients and 191 healthy controls.
- Analysis of Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) in both groups.
Main Results:
- STEMI patients exhibited significantly higher MPV and PDW compared to controls.
- A significant positive correlation was observed between MPV and the Gensini score, indicating disease severity.
Conclusions:
- Elevated MPV and PDW are independent risk factors for STEMI.
- These indices offer a simple, cost-effective method for predicting acute coronary events.
Introduction:
Platelets have been well known contributors in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and its complications such as acute Myocardial Infarction (MI).
Aim:
To study the changes in platelet volume indices and platelet count in ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and assess their usefulness in predicting coronary events.
Materials And Methods:
A case-control observational study was carried out on 173 cases diagnosed with STEMI and 191 controls from January 2015 to December 2015, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In total, 364 patients were included, 173 patients with STEMI, from those patients admitted to the intensive care unit and the emergency ward. In addition, 191 healthy non diabetic non hypertensive age-matched controls were enrolled.
Results:
The mean age of cases was 59.4±11.9 years and of controls were 55.25±8.5 years. Males (74.6%) had higher incidence of STEMI then females (25.4%). The Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) was significantly higher in patients with STEMI (10.2±2.8) as compared to controls (8.5±6.9). The Platelet Distribution Width (PDW) was also significantly higher in cases compared to controls (p<0.05). According to Pearson correlation analysis, the positive relationship determined between MPV and Gensini score was statistically significant (p < 0.001, r = 0.132).
Conclusion:
High MPV and PDW seem to be an independent risk factor for STEMI and correlated with the severity of the STEMI. They can be used as a simple, reliable, and economical method for predicting an impending acute coronary event.
