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Multi-Scale Modification of Metallic Implants With Pore Gradients, Polyelectrolytes and Their Indirect Monitoring In vivo
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Understanding long-term silver release from surface modified porous titanium implants.

Anish Shivaram1, Susmita Bose1, Amit Bandyopadhyay1

  • 1W. M. Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2920, USA.

Acta Biomaterialia
|June 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Silver coatings on porous titanium implants show long-term antimicrobial potential, preventing orthopedic device related infections (ODRI). This study confirms silver

Keywords:
Additive manufacturingInfection controlLoad-bearing implantsOsteomyelitisSilver

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Infectious Disease Prevention

Background:

  • Orthopedic device related infections (ODRI) are a significant post-surgery concern, with antibiotics showing limited success.
  • Silver exhibits well-established antimicrobial properties, offering an alternative for infection prevention.
  • Current applications of silver are mainly in particulate form with dressings or short-term devices, not load-bearing implants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term release of silver ions from silver-coated, surface-modified porous titanium implants for at least six months.
  • To assess the potential of strongly adherent silver coatings to provide a long-term solution for preventing in vivo infections in load-bearing implants.
  • To evaluate the osseointegrative properties and cytotoxicity of these silver-coated implants.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of porous titanium implants (≥25% porosity) using additive manufacturing (LENS™ system), with and without TiO2 nanotubes.
  • Silver ion release studies in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) and acetate buffer (pH 5.0) for up to six months.
  • In vivo assessment of osseointegration and cytotoxicity over 12 weeks in a rat distal femur model.

Main Results:

  • Long-term silver ion release was studied for a minimum of six months, with release also assessed in acidic conditions (pH 5.0).
  • In vivo studies demonstrated that silver-coated porous titanium implants exhibit comparable or superior biocompatibility and bone-implant bonding.
  • The results negate concerns regarding silver toxicity to normal cells, indicating a safe profile for orthopedic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Strongly adherent silver coatings on porous titanium implants offer a promising long-term strategy for mitigating orthopedic device related infections.
  • The developed technology, based on a patented process, focuses on sustained silver release to address late-onset infections in load-bearing implants.
  • Silver-coated porous titanium implants demonstrate excellent biocompatibility and osseointegration, making them a viable alternative to antibiotic prophylaxis.