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Resolvin D1 Attenuates Mpp+-Induced Parkinson Disease via Inhibiting Inflammation in PC12 Cells
Jinyan Xu1, Xiang Gao1, Chunying Yang1
1Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland).
Abstract:
BACKGROUND We investigated the influence of Resolvin D1 (RvD1) on the inflammatory response in PC12 cells (a cell model of Parkinson disease, PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS 4 mmol/L 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (Mpp+) was used in PC12 cells for an in vitro PD model. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to explore PC12 cell viability. Western blot (WB) experiments were used to identify nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)/p-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p-P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 protein levels. Transcription levels of inflammatory factors, for instance, TNF-α and IL-6, were explored by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR). Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA). Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin-V Fluorescein (FITC) kit. RESULTS RvD1 dose-dependently inhibited MPP+ induced upregulation of PC12 cell apoptosis/cellular damage/TNF-α and p-P38/p-ERK/NF-κB as well as downregulation of PC12 cell viability. CONCLUSIONS We can draw the conclusion that RvD1 attenuates PD via inhibiting Mpp+-induced inflammation in PC12 cells.
Insights
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) reduces inflammation and cell damage in a Parkinson disease (PD) cell model. This neuroprotective effect was observed in PC12 cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (Mpp+).
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder.
- PC12 cells are utilized as an in vitro model for PD research.
- Inflammation plays a significant role in PD pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Resolvin D1 (RvD1) in a cellular model of Parkinson disease.
- To determine if RvD1 can protect PC12 cells from Mpp+-induced damage and apoptosis.
Main Methods:
- PC12 cells were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (Mpp+) to induce a PD-like state.
- Cell viability was assessed using MTT assays.
- Protein levels of NF-κB, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-P38 MAPK, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured by Western blot.
- Inflammatory gene expression was analyzed by RT-QPCR.
- Cell apoptosis and damage were evaluated using Annexin-V FITC and LDH assays, respectively.
Main Results:
- RvD1 significantly inhibited Mpp+-induced apoptosis and cellular damage in PC12 cells.
- RvD1 dose-dependently reduced the Mpp+-induced upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6 at both protein and transcription levels.
- RvD1 suppressed the activation of NF-κB, p-ERK, and p-P38 MAPK pathways.
- RvD1 treatment led to a dose-dependent increase in PC12 cell viability.
Conclusions:
- Resolvin D1 (RvD1) demonstrates neuroprotective properties against Mpp+-induced neuroinflammation and cell death.
- RvD1 attenuates Parkinson disease pathology by inhibiting inflammatory responses in PC12 cells.
- These findings suggest RvD1 as a potential therapeutic agent for Parkinson disease.
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