Resolvin D1 Attenuates Mpp+-Induced Parkinson Disease via Inhibiting Inflammation in PC12 Cells
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Updated: Mar 1, 2026
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Published on: January 7, 2014
Jinyan Xu1, Xiang Gao1, Chunying Yang1
1Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland).
Abstract:
BACKGROUND We investigated the influence of Resolvin D1 (RvD1) on the inflammatory response in PC12 cells (a cell model of Parkinson disease, PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS 4 mmol/L 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (Mpp+) was used in PC12 cells for an in vitro PD model. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to explore PC12 cell viability. Western blot (WB) experiments were used to identify nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)/p-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p-P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 protein levels. Transcription levels of inflammatory factors, for instance, TNF-α and IL-6, were explored by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR). Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA). Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin-V Fluorescein (FITC) kit. RESULTS RvD1 dose-dependently inhibited MPP+ induced upregulation of PC12 cell apoptosis/cellular damage/TNF-α and p-P38/p-ERK/NF-κB as well as downregulation of PC12 cell viability. CONCLUSIONS We can draw the conclusion that RvD1 attenuates PD via inhibiting Mpp+-induced inflammation in PC12 cells.
Insights
Resolvin D1 (RvD1) reduces inflammation and cell damage in a Parkinson disease (PD) cell model. This neuroprotective effect was observed in PC12 cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (Mpp+).
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder.
- PC12 cells are utilized as an in vitro model for PD research.
- Inflammation plays a significant role in PD pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Resolvin D1 (RvD1) in a cellular model of Parkinson disease.
- To determine if RvD1 can protect PC12 cells from Mpp+-induced damage and apoptosis.
Main Methods:
- PC12 cells were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (Mpp+) to induce a PD-like state.
- Cell viability was assessed using MTT assays.
- Protein levels of NF-κB, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-P38 MAPK, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured by Western blot.
- Inflammatory gene expression was analyzed by RT-QPCR.
- Cell apoptosis and damage were evaluated using Annexin-V FITC and LDH assays, respectively.
Main Results:
- RvD1 significantly inhibited Mpp+-induced apoptosis and cellular damage in PC12 cells.
- RvD1 dose-dependently reduced the Mpp+-induced upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6 at both protein and transcription levels.
- RvD1 suppressed the activation of NF-κB, p-ERK, and p-P38 MAPK pathways.
- RvD1 treatment led to a dose-dependent increase in PC12 cell viability.
Conclusions:
- Resolvin D1 (RvD1) demonstrates neuroprotective properties against Mpp+-induced neuroinflammation and cell death.
- RvD1 attenuates Parkinson disease pathology by inhibiting inflammatory responses in PC12 cells.
- These findings suggest RvD1 as a potential therapeutic agent for Parkinson disease.
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