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Related Concept Videos

Photosystems01:32

Photosystems

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Photosystems are multiprotein complexes that form the functional units of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They are found embedded in the membrane of tiny sac-like structures called thylakoids placed inside the chloroplast.
Functioning of Photosystems
Photosystems contain many pigment molecules, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, arranged in a particular organization across two domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
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Photosystem I01:27

Photosystem I

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Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
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Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

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The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment...
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The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

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The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

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Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
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The Antenna Complex01:15

The Antenna Complex

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Plants and other photosynthetic organisms comprise pigments capable of absorption of direct sunlight. These pigments are present in the reaction center - the main site of photochemical reactions as well as in the antenna complex. Under average light conditions, the rate at which reaction center pigments absorb light is far below the electron transport chain's capacity. As a result, the reaction center alone cannot provide enough energy to drive photosynthesis. The photosynthetic efficiency can...
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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
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Multiporous Supramolecular Microspheres for Artificial Photosynthesis.

Kai Tao1, Bin Xue2, Samuel Frere3

  • 1Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.

Chemistry of Materials : a Publication of the American Chemical Society
|June 3, 2017
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Summary

Researchers developed bioinspired, multiporous microspheres for artificial photosynthesis. These materials efficiently capture sunlight, enabling sustainable bioproduct creation with enhanced electron transfer capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetic materials science
  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Artificial photosynthesis

Background:

  • Artificial photosynthesis holds promise for sustainable nutrient production.
  • Research has primarily focused on 1-D light-sensitive chromophore architectures.
  • Bioinspired supramolecular morphologies for enhanced light harvesting remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate novel bioinspired building blocks for artificial photosynthesis.
  • To investigate the self-assembly and light-harvesting properties of these new materials.
  • To evaluate their potential in biocatalytic reactions and sustainable applications.

Main Methods:

  • Conjugation of porphyrin and diphenylalanine to create MCpP-FF building blocks.
  • Self-assembly of MCpP-FF into nanofibers-based multiporous microspheres.
  • Characterization of optical properties, electron transfer, and fluorescence decay.
  • Assessment of photoelectron production and NADH turnover in biocatalysis.

Main Results:

  • MCpP-FF self-assembled into multiporous microspheres with broad-spectrum light sensitivity.
  • Extensive excitation red-shifts and notable electron transfer were observed.
  • Enhanced photoelectron production and transfer capabilities were demonstrated.
  • High turnover frequency of NADH and direct electron transfer were achieved, eliminating the need for external mediators.

Conclusions:

  • The developed bioinspired microspheres are effective sunlight-sensitive antennas for artificial photosynthesis.
  • These materials facilitate sustainable bioproduct synthesis via enhanced biocatalysis.
  • The study presents a novel platform for artificial photosynthesis and a new class of bioinspired supramolecular materials.