Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy
Published on: April 4, 2025
A structural Model of Self-efficacy in Handball Referees
Pierluigi Diotaiuti1, Lavinia Falese1, Stefania Mancone1
1Laboratory of Epidemiology, Physical Activity and Lifestyles, Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern LazioCassino, Italy.
Teamwork and enjoyment significantly boost self-efficacy in handball referees. Factors like awareness and relationship quality enhance officiating, improving psychological well-being for referees.
Area of Science:
- Sports Psychology
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Self-efficacy is crucial for referee performance and well-being.
- Teamwork dynamics in officiating, particularly co-refereeing, are under-explored.
- Understanding predictors of referee self-efficacy can inform support strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify factors predicting self-efficacy among Italian handball referees.
- To investigate the role of teamwork efficacy in referee self-efficacy.
- To explore the relationship between co-refereeing dynamics and self-efficacy.
Main Methods:
- Online questionnaire administered to 248 Italian handball referees.
- Utilized Referee Self-Efficacy Scale, Self-Determination Scale, and Sport Commitment Model adaptation.
- Employed hierarchical regression analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM).
Main Results:
- Enjoyment, Couple Efficacy, and Personal Awareness predicted Self-Efficacy.
- Span of Co-Refereeing, Perceived Quality of Relationship, and Mutual Agreement predicted Couple Self-Efficacy.
- SEM confirmed a reciprocal model of Self-efficacy influenced by Couple Efficacy, Enjoyment, and Awareness.
Conclusions:
- Teamwork, enjoyment, and awareness are key to enhancing handball referee self-efficacy.
- Positive co-refereeing relationships contribute to officiating well-being.
- Further research should link teamwork efficacy to officiating performance.
More Related Videos
12:55Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
08:01Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
Published on: October 28, 2020
Related Concept Videos
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
Self-Efficacy
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation