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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

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Risk-based framework for optimizing residual chlorine in large water distribution systems.

Muhammad Nadeem Sharif1,2, Ashraf Farahat3,4, Husnain Haider5

  • 1College of Applied and Supporting Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
|June 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing residual chlorine in large water distribution systems (WDS) is crucial for public health. This study introduces a risk-based framework to manage chlorine levels effectively in extensive networks.

Keywords:
EPANETFuzzy-FMEARisk priority number (RPN)Water distribution system (WDS)Water quality index (WQI)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Resource Management
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Managing residual chlorine in large water distribution systems (WDS) is essential for minimizing human health risks.
  • Maintaining adequate chlorine levels across extensive networks presents significant operational challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement a novel risk-based framework for optimizing residual chlorine in large WDS.
  • To integrate pipe asset planning and booster station placement for effective chlorine management.

Main Methods:

  • A risk-based framework combining Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) with fuzzy set theory.
  • Estimation of pipe failure probability from historical data and consequence assessment based on population exposure and land use.
  • EPANET simulations for predicting residual chlorine and a water quality index for evaluating chlorine practices.

Main Results:

  • The framework successfully integrated pipe asset planning and booster station placement to optimize residual chlorine.
  • Vulnerability analysis identified critical pipe segments, and scenario analysis evaluated mitigation strategies.
  • The methodology demonstrated effectiveness in optimizing residual chlorine in a large-scale WDS.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed risk-based framework provides a robust tool for utility managers to optimize residual chlorine in large WDS.
  • Effective management of residual chlorine is achievable through integrated planning and risk assessment.
  • This approach enhances the reliability and safety of water distribution systems.