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Coexistence of celiac disease & type 1 diabetes mellitus in children

Preeti Singh1, Anju Seth1, Praveen Kumar1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research
|June 3, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CD) often coexist. This study found a high prevalence of CD in children with T1DM, highlighting the need for regular screening to prevent complications.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CD) share genetic predispositions, leading to frequent co-occurrence.
  • Undiagnosed CD in T1DM patients can result in serious health complications.
  • Screening children with T1DM for CD is crucial for early detection and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  • To assess the association of CD with other autoimmune conditions in T1DM patients.
  • To evaluate the clinical implications of coexisting CD and T1DM in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of medical records of children with T1DM from a tertiary care hospital in North India (2006-2014).
  • Screening for CD using IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibody levels at T1DM diagnosis.
  • Confirmation of CD through upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and duodenal biopsy for seropositive cases; thyroid function tests were also performed.

Main Results:

  • Positive CD serology was found in 34.1% of children with T1DM.
  • Confirmed CD diagnosis was established in 13.5% of all T1DM children screened.
  • Children with confirmed CD had higher odds of short stature (OR 3.16) and hypothyroidism (OR 6.4), with 4 out of 17 also having autoimmune thyroiditis.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of CD in children with T1DM is significantly higher than in the general population.
  • Routine screening for CD in pediatric T1DM patients is essential for improving metabolic control.
  • Early detection and management of CD can prevent long-term complications associated with T1DM.
Abstract

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