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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
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Bone marrow adipocytes support hematopoietic stem cell survival.

Domenico Mattiucci1, Giulia Maurizi1, Valerio Izzi2

  • 1Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Clinica di Ematologia, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|June 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Bone marrow adipocytes (BM-A) support hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) survival and function. These cells express key molecules supporting hematopoiesis, distinguishing them from other fat cells.

Keywords:
adipose tissuebone marrow adipocytesbone marrow fathematopoiesishematopoietic stem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cell Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Bone marrow adipocytes (BM-A) are abundant stromal cells in the hematopoietic niche.
  • BM-A increase with age, potentially impacting hematopoiesis.
  • The functional role of BM-A in supporting hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular and functional role of primary human BM-A in supporting HSC survival and function.
  • To compare the gene expression profile of BM-A with subcutaneous adipose tissue adipocytes (AT-A).

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of primary human BM-A and HSC from surgical patients.
  • Microarray analysis for molecular profiling of BM-A.
  • Long-term culture initiating cell (LTC-IC) assay to assess HSC-BM-A co-culture functional support.

Main Results:

  • BM-A demonstrated support for HSC survival, proliferation, and differentiation in LTC-IC assays over 5 weeks.
  • BM-A express critical hematopoietic support molecules (CXCL12, IL-8, CSF3, LIF) similarly to bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC), with higher IL-3.
  • BM-A exhibit distinct gene expression profiles from AT-A, particularly in lipid metabolism, stemness, and brown fat differentiation pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Bone marrow adipocytes play a crucial supporting role within the hematopoietic niche.
  • BM-A directly sustain hematopoietic stem cell survival and function.
  • BM-A possess unique characteristics distinct from peripheral adipose tissue, highlighting their specialized role in hematopoiesis.