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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

316
In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
316
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

302
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
302
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

328
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
328
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

324
Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
324
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

765
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
765
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

285
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
285

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Supervised Machine-Learning Reveals That Old and Obese People Achieve Low Dapsone Concentrations.

R G Hall1, J G Pasipanodya2, M A Swancutt3

  • 1Dose Optimization and Outcomes Research (DOOR) Program, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology
|June 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity impacts dapsone drug levels in patients. Personalized dosing is crucial for older and obese individuals to ensure effective treatment, as standard doses may lead to lower drug concentrations.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Rising global obesity rates present challenges for drug efficacy.
  • Dapsone is a widely used medication for various conditions, including dermatological disorders and infections.
  • The impact of obesity on dapsone pharmacokinetics remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of obesity on dapsone pharmacokinetic parameters.
  • To identify predictors of dapsone absorption, clearance, and distribution in relation to body weight and age.
  • To determine if standard dapsone dosing is adequate for obese and older populations.

Main Methods:

  • A clinical experiment was conducted using optimal design in volunteers with a weight range of 44-150 kg.
  • Maximum-likelihood estimation via the expectation-maximization algorithm was employed for pharmacokinetic analysis.
  • Artificial intelligence-based multivariate adaptive regression splines were utilized for covariate selection.

Main Results:

  • Weight and/or age were identified as significant predictors of dapsone absorption, systemic clearance, and volume of distribution.
  • Complex, non-linear relationships were observed between patient weight/age ranges and drug pharmacokinetics.
  • Older and obese individuals exhibited lower dapsone concentrations following standard dosing regimens.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity significantly alters dapsone pharmacokinetics, leading to reduced drug concentrations in standard doses.
  • Current dosing strategies may be suboptimal for obese and elderly patients, potentially impacting treatment efficacy.
  • Personalized dapsone dosing is essential for obese patients to achieve therapeutic concentrations and ensure treatment effectiveness.