Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

10.0K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
10.0K
Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

713
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
713

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Single-cell and pseudobulk analyses reveal hidden mitochondrial expression imbalance in gastric cancer.

Frontiers in genetics·2026
Same author

A de novo LDLR mutation in severe familial hypercholesterolemia: case report, functional characterization, and a personalized gene correction strategy exploration.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Potential oncogenic role of occult hepatitis B virus pre-S mutations: Activation of Akt/mTOR/Cyclin D1 signaling drives cell cycle dysregulation and proliferation in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.

Genes & diseases·2026
Same author

Establishment of Pseudovirus-Based Reference Materials and Nationwide External Quality Assessment for Arboviruses during the 2025 Chikungunya Outbreak.

Clinical chemistry·2026
Same author

Iron-based magnetic nanoplatforms for immune microenvironment remodeling and cancer immunotherapy: progress and prospects.

Journal of nanobiotechnology·2026
Same author

Breakthroughs in HBV-related HCC Therapy: The Unmatched Potential of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Current treatment options in oncology·2026
Same journal

Whole-cell particle-based digital twin simulations from 4D lattice light-sheet microscopy data.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Systematic discovery of pathogen effector functions across human pathogens and pathways.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Structural basis for host membrane binding and remodeling by invading malaria parasites.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Multiscale integration of tissue and chromatin context converts cell heterogeneity into stable intestinal patterning.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Arc mediates intercellular tau transmission via extracellular vesicles.

Cell·2026
Same journal

Electromagnetic field-inducible in vivo gene switch for remote spatiotemporal control of gene expression.

Cell·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face
08:15

Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.4K

The Code for Facial Identity in the Primate Brain.

Le Chang1, Doris Y Tsao2

  • 1Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, Computation and Neural Systems, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

Cell
|June 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered a simple code for facial identity in primate brains. Face cells use a linear code, projecting stimuli onto single axes, challenging previous assumptions about identity encoding.

Keywords:
decodingelectrophysiologyface processinginferior temporal cortexprimate vision

More Related Videos

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.8K
Author Spotlight: Streamlined Brain and Skull Modeling for Enhanced Neurosurgical Planning in NHP Research
06:33

Author Spotlight: Streamlined Brain and Skull Modeling for Enhanced Neurosurgical Planning in NHP Research

Published on: February 9, 2024

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face
08:15

Reverse Dissection and DiceCT Reveal Otherwise Hidden Data in the Evolution of the Primate Face

Published on: January 7, 2019

7.4K
Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

8.8K
Author Spotlight: Streamlined Brain and Skull Modeling for Enhanced Neurosurgical Planning in NHP Research
06:33

Author Spotlight: Streamlined Brain and Skull Modeling for Enhanced Neurosurgical Planning in NHP Research

Published on: February 9, 2024

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Primate Vision

Background:

  • Primates exhibit rapid and reliable recognition of complex visual stimuli, particularly faces.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying facial identity processing is a key challenge in neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the neural code the primate brain uses to represent facial identity.
  • To investigate the relationship between facial stimuli and the responses of neurons in face-processing areas.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted on macaques to record neural activity in face patches.
  • Faces were represented as points in a high-dimensional linear space.
  • The firing rate of individual face cells was analyzed in relation to facial stimuli projections.

Main Results:

  • Each face cell's firing rate is proportional to the projection of a face stimulus onto a single axis.
  • A face cell ensemble can encode the location of any face within this linear space.
  • The study successfully decoded faces from neural population responses and predicted neural firing rates.

Conclusions:

  • The neural code for facial identity is based on a simple linear transformation, not the encoding of specific identities.
  • This finding challenges the long-held assumption that face cells are tuned to specific facial identities.
  • The discovered metric coordinate system may represent a general principle for encoding other complex objects in the brain.