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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Diffusion01:12

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

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In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
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Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

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Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
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Planar Gradient Diffusion System to Investigate Chemotaxis in a 3D Collagen Matrix
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Diffusing diffusivity: Rotational diffusion in two and three dimensions.

Rohit Jain1, K L Sebastian1

  • 1Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|June 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method to calculate rotational diffusion in complex environments. New parameters quantify deviations from normal diffusion, aiding experimental analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Rotational diffusion is crucial for understanding molecular dynamics in complex fluids.
  • Crowded and rearranging media present challenges for traditional diffusion models.
  • Previous work established a link between translational diffusion and survival probability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for calculating the probability distribution function (pdf) of angular displacement in crowded media.
  • To adapt the diffusing diffusivity model for rotational diffusion problems.
  • To introduce new parameters for analyzing deviations from normal rotational diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the diffusing diffusivity model.
  • Reducing the rotational diffusion problem to a survival probability calculation with a sink.
  • Applying the method to derive pdfs in 2D and 3D rotational motion.

Main Results:

  • Analytical expressions for the pdf of angular displacement were derived for 2D and 3D rotational diffusion.
  • New dimensionless, time-dependent parameters (α_rot,2D and α_rot,3D) were proposed.
  • These parameters quantify the deviation from normal diffusion behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The diffusing diffusivity model effectively describes rotational diffusion in complex media.
  • The proposed parameters offer a quantitative measure for analyzing experimental and simulation data.
  • This work provides a framework for understanding anomalous rotational dynamics.