Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

3.6K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
3.6K
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

6.0K
Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
6.0K
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

68.6K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
68.6K
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

5.4K
The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
5.4K
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

8.5K
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
8.5K
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1.1K
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Steroid hormone profiling reveals altered adrenal androgen production in endometriosis.

European journal of endocrinology·2026
Same author

Perceptions of CAH self-management and stress dosing in relation to health-related quality of life as measured by CAHQL.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Glucocorticoid reduction after starting crinecerfont in pediatric patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: practical perspectives.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Exogenous glucocorticoid dose impacts circulating microRNA expression in patients with adrenal insufficiency due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Effects of modified release hydrocortisone on restoration of early morning cortisol, quality of life, and fatigue in adrenal insufficiency (The CHAMPAIN study): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, cross-over study comparing Chronocort and Plenadren"[eClinical Medicine 91(2026); 103714].

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

Endocrine and metabolic determinants of cardiometabolic risk in mild autonomous cortisol secretion.

EBioMedicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

24.4K

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Diala El-Maouche1, Wiebke Arlt2, Deborah P Merke3

  • 1National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Lancet (London, England)
|June 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) involves enzyme deficiencies affecting cortisol production, leading to varied hormonal imbalances. Treatment focuses on hormone replacement and managing complications like growth issues and infertility.

More Related Videos

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
04:33

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

8.6K
A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations
08:22

A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations

Published on: December 1, 2017

9.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

24.4K
Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
04:33

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

8.6K
A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations
08:22

A Novel Strategy Combining Array-CGH, Whole-exome Sequencing and In Utero Electroporation in Rodents to Identify Causative Genes for Brain Malformations

Published on: December 1, 2017

9.2K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) comprises autosomal recessive disorders characterized by enzyme deficiencies in adrenal steroidogenesis.
  • These deficiencies impair cortisol biosynthesis, resulting in altered glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and sex steroid production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical spectrum, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic challenges of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
  • To highlight long-term complications and emerging treatment strategies for CAH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including neonatal screening and cosyntropin stimulation testing.
  • Discussion of current and novel therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • CAH presents with diverse symptoms, from neonatal salt wasting to adult hirsutism.
  • 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most common form, often identified through newborn screening.
  • Effective management requires balancing hormone replacement and avoiding overtreatment.

Conclusions:

  • CAH necessitates lifelong management to address hormonal imbalances and prevent long-term complications.
  • Ongoing research focuses on reducing glucocorticoid exposure and improving treatment efficacy.
  • Novel therapies aim to better mimic physiological hormone patterns and mitigate adverse effects.