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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
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Hidden Causes of Anaphylaxis.

Vivian C Nanagas1, James L Baldwin2, Keerthi R Karamched1

  • 1Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|June 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This review explores hidden causes of anaphylaxis, including ingestants, non-ingestants, and rare triggers. Understanding these elusive factors is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of severe allergic reactions.

Keywords:
AllergyAnaphylaxisConcealedHiddenUncommonUnexpected

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.
  • Identifying all potential triggers is critical for effective patient management.
  • Numerous hidden or less common causes of anaphylaxis exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review significant, often overlooked causes of anaphylaxis.
  • To categorize these hidden causes into ingestants, non-ingestants, and uncommon settings.
  • To highlight the need for further research into their epidemiology and pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anaphylaxis causes over the past 35 years.
  • Focus on identifying novel and elusive triggers.
  • Synthesis of findings related to ingestants, non-ingestants, and rare scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Several new and elusive causes of anaphylaxis have been identified.
  • These hidden culprits require consideration in specific clinical contexts.
  • Many of these rare causes necessitate further investigation into their impact.

Conclusions:

  • Hidden causes of anaphylaxis are increasingly recognized.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the full scope of these triggers.
  • Clinical awareness of these elusive factors can improve diagnostic accuracy.