Management of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Knee, Elbow and Ankle

Although osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) has been a recognized condition for more than 100 years, our understanding of the etiology, natural history, and treatment remains poorly characterized. OCD most commonly affects the knee, followed by the elbow and ankle. Adolescents and young adults are most commonly affected. Patients present with vague, often intermittent symptoms and generally have no history of acute injury. Although diagnosis can be made with plain radiographs, treatment decisions are generally based on MRI. Skeletal maturity and stability of the OCD lesion determine treatment. Treatments range from immobilization and activity restriction to operative therapies. Clinical indications are discussed.