[PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndrome (PROS)]

This review presents an overview of a recently characterized spectrum of overgrowth syndrome: phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). This spectrum encompasses overgrowth syndromes associated with somatic mosaic activating PIK3CA mutations such as megalencephaly-capillary malformation (MCAP) syndrome, dysplatic megalencephaly (DMEG), congenital lipomatous asymmetric overgrowth of the trunk, lymphatic, capillary, venous, and combined-type vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, skeletal and spinal anomalies (CLOVES) syndrome, hemihyperplasia-multiple lipomatosis (HHML), fibroadipose overgrowth and Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Mosaic gain of function mutation in PIK3CA gene leads to abnormal AKT-mTOR pathway activation and is responsible of the clinical manifestations. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on this disorder.