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RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Pre-mRNA Processing: RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

Published on: September 15, 2021

Examining the intersection between splicing, nuclear export and small RNA pathways.

Amena Nabih¹, Julia A Sobotka¹, Monica Z Wu¹

¹Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Canada.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects

|June 5, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear Argonaute/small RNA pathways intersect with splicing and nuclear export, revealing a new layer of gene regulation. This discovery offers potential for synthetic biology, biotechnology, and agricultural applications.

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Last Updated: Mar 1, 2026

A Reporter Based Cellular Assay for Monitoring Splicing Efficiency

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Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

Nuclear Argonaute/small RNA pathways are known regulators of gene expression through transcriptional gene silencing (TGS).
Emerging evidence indicates a novel intersection between splicing, nuclear export, and nuclear Argonaute/small RNA pathways in eukaryotes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of the relationship between splicing, export, and small RNA pathways.
To explore the biological implications of these pathway interactions for transcript regulation.
To discuss approaches for understanding the RNA regulatory logic in synthetic biology.

Main Methods:

Review of genetic screens
Phylogenetic profiling
Molecular mechanistic studies

Main Results:

Splicing, nuclear export, and small RNA pathways interact to form a combinatorial code for transcript identity and fate.
These links are widespread across eukaryotic phyla, though molecular mechanisms are still being elucidated.

Conclusions:

The interplay between splicing, nuclear export, and small RNA pathways represents a new frontier in gene regulation.
This understanding could be leveraged for therapeutic, biotechnology, and agricultural advancements.