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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Bioluminescence Imaging of NADPH Oxidase Activity in Different Animal Models
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Decoding NADPH oxidase 4 expression in human tumors.

Jennifer L Meitzler1, Hala R Makhlouf2, Smitha Antony2

  • 1Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Redox Biology
|June 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is upregulated in several human carcinomas, including head and neck, esophagus, and bladder cancers. This finding, using a novel antibody, suggests NOX4

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) generates hydrogen peroxide, impacting genomic instability, redox signaling, and radiation sensitivity in cancers.
  • Previous studies on NOX4 in malignancy primarily used limited cell lines and poorly characterized immunological tools, neglecting human tumor specimens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of NOX4 expression across diverse solid tumors using a newly developed, specific monoclonal antibody.
  • To characterize the expression patterns and localization of NOX4 in human tumor tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel monoclonal antibody targeting a specific extracellular region of human NOX4, ensuring no cross-reactivity with other NOX family members.
  • Evaluation of NOX4 protein expression in 20 sets of epithelial tumors and malignant melanoma compared to adjacent normal tissues.
Keywords:
MelanomaMonoclonal antibodyNADPH oxidaseNOX4Ovarian cancerTissue microarray

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  • Immunofluorescence to determine NOX4 localization within cancer cells.

    • Main Results:

    • High NOX4 expression was identified in carcinomas of the head and neck (15/19), esophagus (12/18), bladder (10/19), ovary (6/17), and prostate (7/19), as well as malignant melanoma (7/15).
    • NOX4 upregulation was detected in response to low levels of TGF-β1, confirming the antibody's sensitivity.
    • Immunofluorescence revealed NOX4 localized to perinuclear membranes in ovarian cancer cells with high endogenous expression.

    Conclusions:

    • NOX4 is significantly upregulated in specific human carcinomas compared to normal tissues.
    • The novel antibody provides a reliable tool for assessing NOX4 expression in human tumors.
    • NOX4's intracellular membrane localization suggests a role in modulating oxidative DNA damage in cancer.