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Related Concept Videos

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
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When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...
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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For...
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The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
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High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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High-field/high-pressure ESR.

T Sakurai1, S Okubo2, H Ohta2

  • 1Research Facility Center for Science and Technology, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|June 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details high-pressure Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) systems, highlighting a new multi-frequency system. The research emphasizes advancements from X-band to broader THz frequency ranges for high-pressure studies.

Keywords:
ESRHigh fieldHigh frequencyHigh pressureMulti frequency

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying materials under extreme conditions.
  • Historically, high-pressure ESR systems were primarily limited to the X-band frequency.
  • Advancements have enabled multi-frequency and high-field ESR capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of high-pressure ESR systems.
  • To introduce a newly developed high-pressure, high-field, multi-frequency ESR system.
  • To discuss the capabilities and limitations of advanced high-pressure ESR techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing high-pressure ESR system designs, including anvil cell and dielectric resonator combinations.
  • Development and characterization of a novel high-pressure, high-field, multi-frequency ESR system.
  • Classification of current high-pressure, high-field, multi-frequency ESR systems into two main types based on their frequency range and sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • X-band ESR systems were established using dielectric materials or anvil cells before 2000.
  • Recent developments focus on multi-frequency ESR systems, moving beyond the low-frequency X-band.
  • The developed system covers a broad frequency range into the THz region, albeit with lower sensitivity compared to other systems.

Conclusions:

  • High-pressure ESR technology has evolved significantly, enabling broader frequency investigations.
  • The new multi-frequency system offers unique capabilities for THz-region high-pressure research.
  • Further development is planned to enhance sensitivity and expand experimental applications.