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What is open peer review? A systematic review.

Tony Ross-Hellauer1

  • 1Göttingen State and University Library, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37073, Germany.

F1000Research
|September 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Open peer review (OPR) lacks a standard definition, leading to 22 variations found in a review of 122 definitions. A proposed definition unifies OPR under Open Science principles.

Area of Science:

  • Scholarly communication
  • Scientific publishing
  • Open Science

Background:

  • The concept of "open peer review" (OPR) lacks a standardized definition and agreed-upon features.
  • Existing literature presents numerous overlapping and contradictory definitions of OPR.
  • Interpretations range from identity disclosure to publishing reports and broader participation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review definitions of "open peer review" to establish a clear, technical definition.
  • To analyze a corpus of 122 definitions to identify common themes and variations.
  • To build a coherent typology of OPR innovations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 122 definitions of "open peer review" or "open review".
  • Systematic analysis of definitions to create a typology of OPR features.
Keywords:
Open Scienceopen peer reviewpublishingresearch evaluationscholarly communication

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  • Quantification of definition variations over time and across subject areas.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified 22 distinct configurations of seven traits, indicating 22 different definitions of OPR in the reviewed literature.
    • Quantifiable data revealed the range and extent of differing definitions.
    • Highlighted the ambiguous use of the term "open peer review" in scholarly communication.

    Conclusions:

    • Propose a pragmatic definition of open peer review as an umbrella term.
    • Open peer review encompasses various adaptations aligning with Open Science goals.
    • Key adaptations include open identities, published reports, and increased participation in peer review.