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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Lung cancer incidence in the US has been declining for both men and women.
  • This study investigates lung cancer rate patterns by gender, geography, and histologic subtype.
  • Data were analyzed from 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) areas for the entire study period and 2000-2011.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine temporal trends and geographic variations in lung cancer incidence.
  • To identify factors associated with lung cancer risk, including sociodemographic characteristics and healthcare access.
  • To understand differences in lung cancer patterns by gender and histologic subtype.

Main Methods:

  • Joinpoint regression analysis was used to test the significance of time trends.
  • Spatial random effects models assessed the impact of county-level factors like smoking and poverty.
  • Linked micromap plots visualized patterns related to key model predictors.

Main Results:

  • Overall lung cancer incidence is declining, but squamous cell carcinoma is increasing in females.
  • Adenocarcinoma rates, after an initial decline, began increasing significantly by 2004.
  • Higher smoking rates, poverty, and lower primary care physician density were associated with increased lung cancer risk. Geographic variations were observed, with higher rates in eastern and southern states.

Conclusions:

  • Declining lung cancer incidence trends align with previous mortality patterns.
  • Significant differences in time trends and geographic patterns exist between genders and histologic types.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for effective lung cancer surveillance and control strategies.