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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Published on: March 6, 2018
Kinase modulation of androgen receptor signaling: implications for prostate cancer
Kalpit Shah1, Neil A Bradbury1
1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Sciences, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
Abstract:
Androgens and androgen receptors play essential roles in the development and progression of prostate cancer, a disease that claims roughly 28,000 lives annually. In addition to androgen biding, androgen receptor activity can be regulated via several post-translational modifications such as ubiquitination, acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation & SUMO-ylation. Off these modifications, phosphorylation has been the most extensively studied. Modification by phosphorylation can alter androgen receptor localization, protein stability and transcriptional activity, ultimately leading to changes in the biology of cancer cells and cancer progression. Understanding, role of phosphorylated androgen receptor species holds the key to identifying a potential therapeutic drug target for patients with prostate cancer and castrate resistant prostate cancer. Here, we present a brief review of recently discovered protein kinases phosphorylating AR, focusing on the functional role of phosphorylated androgen receptor species in prostate cancer and castrate resistant prostate cancer.
Insights
Phosphorylation of androgen receptors is crucial in prostate cancer progression. Understanding these phosphorylated forms may lead to new therapeutic targets for prostate and castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Androgens and androgen receptors are key drivers in prostate cancer development and progression.
- Androgen receptor activity is modulated by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation.
- Phosphorylation significantly impacts androgen receptor function and cancer cell biology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recently identified protein kinases that phosphorylate the androgen receptor.
- To focus on the functional significance of phosphorylated androgen receptor species in prostate cancer.
- To explore therapeutic implications for prostate cancer and castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on androgen receptor phosphorylation.
- Analysis of protein kinases involved in androgen receptor phosphorylation.
- Synthesis of functional roles of phosphorylated androgen receptor species.
Main Results:
- Several protein kinases have been identified as phosphorylating the androgen receptor.
- Phosphorylation influences androgen receptor localization, stability, and transcriptional activity.
- Altered androgen receptor phosphorylation is linked to cancer progression.
Conclusions:
- Understanding phosphorylated androgen receptor species is vital for targeted therapies.
- Targeting specific phosphorylation pathways may offer new treatment strategies for prostate cancer.
- Further research into androgen receptor kinases is warranted for therapeutic development.
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