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Pressure Gauges01:20

Pressure Gauges

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Most pressure gauges, like those on scuba tanks, are calibrated to read zero at atmospheric pressure. Readings from such gauges are called the gauge pressure, which is the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. When the pressure inside the tank exceeds atmospheric pressure, the gauge reports a positive value. Some gauges are designed to measure negative pressure. For example, many physics experiments must take place in a vacuum chamber, a rigid chamber from which some of the air is pumped...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
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Hafnium-an optical hydrogen sensor spanning six orders in pressure.

C Boelsma1, L J Bannenberg2, M J van Setten3

  • 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.

Nature Communications
|June 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Palladium-capped hafnium thin films offer a highly reproducible and hysteresis-free optical transmission change for hydrogen detection across a wide pressure range. This unique feature simplifies sensor calibration and indicates hafnium

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogen detection is critical for the adoption of hydrogen as a clean energy vector.
  • Palladium is currently the benchmark material for hydrogen sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of palladium-capped hafnium (Hf) thin films as a novel hydrogen detection material.
  • To characterize the optical response of these films to hydrogen exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of palladium-capped hafnium thin films.
  • Exposure of films to hydrogen gas across six orders of magnitude in pressure.
  • Measurement of optical transmission changes.
  • Analysis of optical signal behavior with varying temperature and hydrogen content.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated highly reproducible, hysteresis-free optical transmission changes in response to hydrogen.
  • Observed a unique, uniform optical signal shift with temperature changes, facilitating sensor calibration.
  • Identified an anomalously steep increase in entropy with hydrogen content, deviating from classical models.

Conclusions:

  • Palladium-capped hafnium thin films exhibit exceptional optical properties for hydrogen detection.
  • The material's unique optical behavior and calibration-friendly characteristics make it a promising candidate for advanced hydrogen sensors.