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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

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Updated: Mar 1, 2026

Is My Mouse Pregnant? High-Frequency Ultrasound Assessment

Is My Mouse Pregnant? High-Frequency Ultrasound Assessment

Published on: March 18, 2021

The pregnant urologist.

Susan Jane Hall¹, Simon T Williams¹

¹Urology Department, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK.

BJU International

|June 6, 2017

Summary

Pregnant urologists face occupational risks including radiation and cytotoxic drugs. Evidence suggests continuing work is safe if precautions are taken, especially avoiding specific medications and iodine hand scrubs.

Area of Science:

Urology
Occupational Health
Reproductive Health

Background:

Increasing number of female urologists working during pregnancy.
Lack of clear guidance on occupational risks for pregnant urologists.
Potential hazards include radiation, teratogenic drugs, iodine, infections, and long hours.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current evidence and provide guidance for pregnant urologists.
To aid expectant mothers in making informed decisions regarding occupational risks.
To address the specific occupational hazards in urology during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

Review of relevant research articles and current guidance.
Focus on radiation dose using millisevert (mSv) as the unit.

Keywords:

infections mitomycin pregnant radiation urologist

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Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

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Analysis of risks associated with specific drugs, chemicals, and work practices.

Main Results:

No published evidence of increased fetal abnormalities in pregnant clinicians with radiation exposure below recommended limits.
Strong recommendations to avoid contact with crushed 5α-reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride) and mitomycin.
Frequent use of iodine hand wash should be avoided by pregnant surgeons.

Conclusions:

Pregnant urologists can continue working with appropriate precautions.
Minimizing exposure to specific cytotoxic drugs and iodine is crucial.
Good hygiene, immunizations, and personal protective equipment are essential for infection prevention.