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Alterations in the Peripheral Immune System in Dementia.
Mandy Busse1, Enrico Michler1, Franz von Hoff1
1Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|June 7, 2017
Summary
Peripheral immune system alterations are present in Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Each dementia type exhibits unique changes in immune cells, suggesting distinct pathological mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Pathology
Background:
- Inflammation and immune response alterations may contribute to dementia pathology.
- Understanding peripheral immune system changes is crucial for dementia research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate peripheral immune cell population differences in Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
- To identify unique immune system signatures associated with each dementia type.
Main Methods:
- Flow cytometry was used to analyze innate and adaptive immune cell populations in whole blood.
- Study included patients diagnosed with AD, VaD, and FTD, along with age-matched healthy controls.
Main Results:
- Monocyte and NK cell populations were reduced in VaD, but not in AD or FTD.
- B cell and T cell counts decreased across all dementia types.
- Specific naive/memory T cell changes were observed only in AD.
- Immune cell alterations correlated with blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier integrity, cognitive scores, and age.
Conclusions:
- The peripheral immune system is demonstrably altered in AD, VaD, and FTD.
- Distinct peripheral immune cell profiles suggest divergent underlying pathologies for each dementia type.
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