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Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
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The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
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Dead simple OWL design patterns.

David Osumi-Sutherland1, Melanie Courtot2, James P Balhoff3

  • 1European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK. davidos@ebi.ac.uk.

Journal of Biomedical Semantics
|June 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dead Simple OWL Design Patterns (DOS-DPs) simplify bio-ontology development by automating classification through consistent axiomatization patterns. This system is easy to use and has been rapidly adopted by multiple projects.

Keywords:
Design patternOBOOWL

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Area of Science:

  • Bio-ontology development
  • Knowledge representation
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Bio-ontologies require multi-axial classification for user needs.
  • Scalable ontology development relies on automated classification using inference and consistent axiomatization patterns.
  • Existing OBO and OWL ontologies often employ this approach, necessitating accessible documentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a system for documenting and applying OWL design patterns.
  • To facilitate the creation and maintenance of scalable and sustainable bio-ontologies.
  • To provide a user-friendly method for defining and utilizing consistent axiomatization patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Dead Simple OWL Design Patterns (DOS-DPs) system.
  • Illustrating DOS-DPs with examples from the Gene Ontology.
  • Ensuring patterns are understandable, editable, and programmatically applicable to OWL ontologies.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of the Dead Simple OWL Design Patterns (DOS-DPs) system.
  • Demonstration of DOS-DPs utility using Gene Ontology examples.
  • Development of a system that requires minimal expertise for understanding and editing.

Conclusions:

  • The DOS-DPs system offers a simple and effective approach to bio-ontology design patterns.
  • Rapid adoption by multiple ontology projects highlights the system's ease of use.
  • There is a significant need for accessible and practical design pattern systems in bio-ontology development.