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Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...

Phase Transitions

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

Entropy Changes Accompanying Specific Processes

Entropy Changes Accompanying Specific Processes

Entropy, a measure of disorder in a system, changes during phase transitions like freezing or boiling. At the transition temperature Ttrs, where two phases are in equilibrium, the phase transition is a reversible process. The entropy change can be calculated from a substance's enthalpy of transition using the equation ΔStrs = ΔtrsH /Ttrs.When a perfect gas expands isothermally from one volume to another, entropy increases logarithmically with volume. Conversely, isothermal compression...

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...

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Related Experiment Video

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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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Published on: August 2, 2019

Quantum Phase Transition and Entanglement in Topological Quantum Wires.

Jaeyoon Cho^1,2, Kun Woo Kim³

¹Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, Pohang, 37673, Korea. choooir@gmail.com.

Scientific Reports

|June 7, 2017

Summary

Quantum phase transitions in the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model are signaled by local entanglement changes. This study reveals a universal topological origin for these singularities in 1D systems.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Information Theory
Topological Matter

Background:

The Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model is a fundamental model for one-dimensional topological insulators.
Understanding quantum phase transitions is crucial for developing new quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the quantum phase transition in the SSH model using two-site entanglements.
To identify the topological origin of nonanalyticities in local entanglement.
To explore phase transitions characterized solely by quantum information theory.

Main Methods:

Analysis of two-site entanglements in the ground state of the SSH model.
Comparison with analogous quantities in the Kitaev chain (local electron density).
Investigation of entanglement scaling behaviors near transition points.

Main Results:

Topological phase transitions in the SSH model are marked by nonanalyticities in local entanglement, becoming discontinuous for finite even system sizes.
These nonanalyticities possess a universal topological origin, also observed in the local electron density of the Kitaev chain.
A distinct phase transition, driven by quantum information theory, alters entanglement patterns without closing the spectral gap.

Conclusions:

Local entanglement provides a robust indicator of topological phase transitions in one-dimensional systems.
The findings highlight the deep connection between topology and entanglement in quantum matter.
The study introduces a new perspective on phase transitions governed by quantum information principles.