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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Parental upbringing significantly influences offspring mental health throughout life.
  • Overprotective parenting styles may contribute to disease burden and intergenerational transmission of trauma- and stressor-related disorders (TSRD).
  • Animal studies suggest maternal protection impacts the limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) axis in offspring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of stress in humans raised in an overprotective environment.
  • To examine the relationship between overprotective upbringing and physiological stress markers.
  • To explore the association with mental health indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 40 healthy students recalling their upbringing.
  • Analysis of hair samples for dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentration.
  • Assessment of cortisol/DHEA ratio and mental health indicators (mental burden, depressiveness, sense of coherence).

Main Results:

  • Increased hair dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentration observed in individuals with an overprotective upbringing.
  • Reduced cortisol/DHEA ratio in hair among this group.
  • Association between overprotective parenting and heightened indications of mental burden, depressiveness, and sense of coherence.

Conclusions:

  • Overprotective parenting may have lasting physiological and psychological effects on offspring.
  • Findings suggest a potential pathway for multigenerational transmission of psychological trauma.
  • Further research in highly burdened families is warranted to augment understanding of intergenerational effects.