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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

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Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
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Allergic Reactions02:06

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Overview
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

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Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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Hypersensitive Reaction to Tattoos: A Growing Menace in Rural India.

B M Shashikumar1, M R Harish1, B Shwetha1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya, Karnataka, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology
|June 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tattoo reactions are increasing in India due to fashion trends and lack of regulation. Red tattoo ink is most frequently linked to allergic reactions, often presenting as lichenoid reactions.

Keywords:
Hypersensitivity reactionlichenoid reactionred pigmenttattoo

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Rising popularity of tattoos in India, particularly in rural areas, coupled with inadequate government regulation, has led to an increase in tattoo-related adverse reactions.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions to tattoo inks are a growing concern, necessitating better understanding of their clinical presentations and causative agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the diverse clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity reactions to tattoo ink.
  • To identify common tattoo ink colors and reaction types associated with these adverse events.
  • To provide data from a tertiary care hospital in Mandya district, India.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study conducted over one year (June 2014-May 2015) at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences.
  • Inclusion of patients with allergic reactions to tattooing, excluding transient inflammatory reactions, infections, and other localized skin diseases.
  • Detailed data collection on reaction onset, duration, tattoo ink color, and clinical examination including skin biopsy for histopathological analysis.

Main Results:

  • Fifty cutaneous allergic reactions were diagnosed in 39 patients, with a mean age of 22 years.
  • Red (53.9%) and black (33.3%) tattoo inks were most frequently associated with reactions, predominantly presenting as itching, lichenoid papules/plaques, eczematous, or verrucous lesions.
  • Lichenoid histopathology was the most common finding in tissue samples, indicating an allergic response.

Conclusions:

  • The increasing trend of tattooing among young individuals correlates with a rise in adverse reactions.
  • Red tattoo pigment is the primary culprit for allergic reactions in this study population.
  • Lichenoid reaction is the most prevalent type of hypersensitivity observed in tattoo recipients.